The investigation of an arbovirus encephalitis.

Genetic characterization of Bagaza virus (BAGV) isolated in India and evidence of anti-BAGV antibodies in sera collected from encephalitis patients.

During investigations into the outbreak of encephalitis in 1996 in the Kerala state in India, an arbovirus was isolated from a Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito pool. It was characterized as a Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus cross-reactive arbovirus by complement fixation test. A plaque reduction-neutralization test was performed using hyperimmune sera raised against the plaque-purifie...

Serological Evidence of Arbovirus Infection in the Seminole Indians of Southern Florida.

A serological survey of the Seminole Indians in south Florida for evidence of exposure to arbovirus infection indicated not only past infection with the recognized North American encephalitis viruses-a high incidence for St. Louis encephalitis-but exposure to a Bunyamwera group agent and to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, activity of which had not been previously recognized north of Panama.

Reliable detection of St. Louis encephalitis virus by RT-nested PCR.

INTRODUCTION St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a re-emerging arbovirus in South America, with reported cases in humans in Argentina and Brazil. This fact indicates that there is an urgent need to increase the current knowledge about this virus in order to control and prevent future cases. Exhaustive epidemiological and laboratory investigation is required to ensure fast, accurate identific...

West Nile virus

JAVMA, Vol 232, No. 9, May 1, 2008 W Nile virus was first identified in Africa in 1937, and subsequently, Africa, Europe, Australia, and Asia were recognized as regions in which the virus was endemic. In 1999, concurrent outbreaks of encephalitis among crows, humans, and horses in New York State triggered an investigation by human and veterinary health officials that led to the initial detectio...

Tick-borne encephalitis: a review Viral meningo-encephalitis in England and Wales: population trends